RISK FACTORS
middle age women
multiple sex partner
microorganisms (HPV)
meager vitamins (decrease vitamin a & c)
cigarette smoking
EARLIEST MANIFESTATION
unusual discharge/ bleeding
dyspareunia
BEST SCREENING TEST
pap smear (sexual activity)
- (+) 3 years after 1st sexual intercourse
- (-) 21 y/o
cervical biopsy "punch"
-confirmatory test
MANAGEMENT
radiation
surgery
-total hysterectomy (uterus + cervix)
radical hysterectomy/ panhysterectomy (uterus, cervix, LN, ovaries, fallopian tube, proximal vagina)
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (pelvic LN)
pelvic exenteration (pelvic organ [intestine, urinary bladder, etc.])
radical trachelectomy (cervix, LN)
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